**Roof Design and Construction**
– Etymology:
– Old English word for roof is ‘hrof’ derived from Proto-Germanic language.
– English retained the word in a general sense.
– No apparent connections outside the Germanic family.
– Design Elements:
– Roof materials range from banana leaves to wood shakes.
– Construction determined by support method and pitch.
– Roofers specialize in roof construction for durability.
– Form:
– Roof shapes vary based on climate and materials.
– Basic shapes include flat, gabled, hipped, and arched.
– Thatch roofs require a steep pitch for durability.
**Roof Structure and Support**
– Parts:
– A roof consists of supporting structure and outer skin.
– Roof structure typically supported by walls.
– Roof decking can create additional living spaces.
– Support:
– Roof supporting structures made of strong materials like timber, steel, and reinforced concrete.
– Stone lintels and arches used historically for support.
– Geodesic and A-frame styles blur wall and roof distinction.
**Roof Functions and Maintenance**
– Functions:
– Shed water to prevent standing water.
– Protect building interior from weather elements.
– Provide thermal insulation and desired appearance.
– Insulation:
– Roof insulating considerations for energy efficiency.
– Some materials offer excellent insulation properties.
– Cool roofs with high reflectivity and thermal emittance are popular.
– Drainage:
– Proper drainage is crucial to prevent damage and inconvenience.
**Roofing Materials and History**
– Materials:
– Slate roofs are durable but expensive.
– Asbestos, green roofs, adobe, and tiles are common materials.
– Metal sheeting like copper and lead have been used for centuries.
– History:
– Iron electroplated with zinc became popular in the 19th century.
– Various metal roofing types developed over time.
– Modern roofs based on bitumen, rubber, and fiberglass emerged in the 20th century.
**Innovative Roofing Solutions**
– Solar Roofs:
– Solar shingles generate electricity and cover the roof.
– Solar systems can generate hot water or hot air.
– Solar panels can be integrated into pitched or flat roofs.
– Gallery of Roof Shapes:
– Different roof styles from around the world showcasing architectural diversity.
– Gallery of Significant Roofs:
– Iconic roofs like Sydney Opera House, Taj Mahal, and Grand Palais featuring unique designs.
